With the development of information technology, the industrialization trend of the Internet of Things has gradually taken shape and has been widely applied in various fields such as agriculture, industry and commercial services, exerting a significant impact on people's production and life. Currently, the Internet of Things technology has been applied in road construction, promoting the informatization and intelligence development of the road industry.

During the rapid development of highway construction, some problems have emerged, mainly concentrated in difficulties in fault location, low processing efficiency, and lack of transparency in the process. Based on this, it is necessary to fully utilize Internet of Things technology to achieve mobile management of highway operation and maintenance, and conduct visual monitoring of the operation status. This will comprehensively optimize the operation and maintenance management of highways and realize intelligent operation and maintenance of highways.

The IoT is an important component of the new generation of information technology. The IT industry is also called "pan-connection", which means connecting everything and connecting everything to the internet. Thus, "the IoT is the internet where things are connected". There are two meanings: First, the core and foundation of the IoT is still the internet, which is an extension and expansion of the network based on the internet; Second, its user end extends and expands to any item-to-item connections for information exchange and communication. Therefore, the definition of the IoT is to connect any item to the internet through information sensing devices such as radio frequency identification, infrared sensors, global positioning systems, and laser scanners, according to the agreed protocol, for information exchange and communication, to achieve intelligent identification, positioning, tracking, monitoring, and management of items. So, what specific applications does the IoT have in the transportation system?

1. The Application of IoT Technology In The Highway Traffic Guidance System

The highway traffic guidance system mainly relies on the basic information collected by the basic information platform, such as the current natural state of traffic facilities, construction, design, usage, and maintenance records, environmental conditions, weather conditions, etc. It automatically detects the operation status of the highway and issues warnings and responses based on the monitoring results. In highway transportation, the highway traffic guidance system, through IoT technology, can effectively detect the traffic operation situation of the highway in real time, and through the collected data, conduct effective analysis of the characteristics of traffic operation, thereby scientifically predicting the traffic flow of the entire highway and formulating the best emergency measures and emergency plans, etc. Through the application of IoT technology in the highway traffic guidance system, by using radio frequency identification technology and sensor technology, etc., vehicles and fleets can be guided, thereby achieving the purpose of traffic guidance.

2. Application of IoT Technology in the Rescue System

In road traffic, once an accident occurs, rescue personnel must arrive at the scene of the accident as soon as possible. At this time, the road rescue system, through IoT technology, can effectively monitor the location of the accident, the number of injured people, etc. Then, based on the monitoring results, through information and functions of traffic control, emergency support, and data services systems, the intelligent, visualized, and flattened management of the road network can be achieved. This will further enhance the control capabilities of the road under normal conditions and the handling capabilities for emergency events, and further ensure the smoothness of the road.

3. Application of IoT Technology in Vehicle Identification and Vehicle Monitoring Systems

During operation, the highway has acquired certain "big data" analysis capabilities. On this basis, through the application of IoT technology, it can be better managed. Among them, the vehicle identification system is one of its core businesses. The vehicle identification system, through the IoT technology, can effectively identify all the vehicles that are in motion and those that are parked on the highway. At the same time, by using this system, the speed and distance of the vehicles, as well as other information, can be effectively perceived, and it can be effectively connected with the electronic license plate information to jointly function and achieve effective monitoring of the vehicles on the highway.

4. Application of IoT Technology in Electronic Toll Collection System

The Electronic Toll Collection System (ETC) fully utilizes the information technology of the IoT. Through the dedicated short-range communication between the road test antenna and the on-board electronic tag, drivers can complete the payment without stopping. The specific application of the IoT technology in this system is as follows: By installing electronic tags on vehicles and various field devices, various information of the vehicles is effectively recorded, and the recorded information is transmitted in real time, which is then sent to the toll station management system. After the toll station management system obtains the corresponding data information, it conducts transactions, debits, and financial settlements according to the corresponding standards, thereby completing the collection and processing of various data and images in the system.